CA Thyroid – Thyroid Cancer Overview Thyroid cancer (CA Thyroid) is a type of cancer that develops in the thyroid gland, a small butterfly-shaped gland located in the front of the neck. The thyroid produces hormones that regulate metabolism, heart rate, and body temperature.

 

📌 Types of Thyroid Cancer

1. Papillary Thyroid Cancer

   • Most common type (~80% of cases)

   • Slow-growing, often affects younger adults

2. Follicular Thyroid Cancer

   • Second most common

   • May spread to lungs or bones

3. Medullary Thyroid Cancer

   • Less common

   • Can be hereditary; originates from C-cells

4. Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer

   • Rare and aggressive

   • Usually affects older adults

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🩺 Symptoms

• Lump or swelling in the neck

• Hoarseness or changes in voice

• Difficulty swallowing or breathing

• Persistent cough (not related to cold)

• Pain in the neck or throat

Note: Early thyroid cancer may not show symptoms, which is why screening and evaluation are important.

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🧪 Diagnosis

• Physical Examination: Palpation of thyroid and lymph nodes

• Ultrasound (USG) of Neck: Detects nodules and guides biopsy

• Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy (FNAB): Confirms malignancy

• Blood Tests: Thyroid function tests (T3, T4, TSH)

• CT/MRI/PET Scan: To check for spread in advanced cases

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🩹 Treatment Options

1. Surgery

   • Thyroidectomy: Partial or total removal of thyroid

   • Removal of nearby lymph nodes if cancer has spread

2. Radioactive Iodine Therapy

   • Used to destroy residual thyroid tissue or metastases

3. Thyroid Hormone Therapy

   • Replaces thyroid hormones after surgery

   • Helps suppress TSH to reduce recurrence risk

4. External Beam Radiation / Chemotherapy

   • Reserved for aggressive or advanced thyroid cancers

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🌿 Prognosis

• Most thyroid cancers are highly treatable and have a good prognosis, especially papillary and follicular types.

• Regular follow-up with ultrasound and blood tests is essential to detect recurrence.

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⚠️ Prevention & Awareness

• Maintain iodine-sufficient diet

• Monitor any neck lumps early

• Seek medical advice for persistent hoarseness or swallowing difficulty

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