A renal biopsy is the same as a kidney biopsy — it's a procedure where a small piece of your kidney tissue is removed for examination under a microscope. This helps doctors diagnose kidney conditions, understand how severe a problem is, or guide treatment.

🧪 What Is a Renal Biopsy?

It’s a diagnostic test that provides detailed information about what's happening in your kidneys at a microscopic level — things that blood tests, urine tests, or imaging can't fully reveal.

📋 Reasons for a Renal Biopsy

Doctors may recommend a biopsy if you have:

• Unexplained kidney problems, like:

  • Blood in urine (hematuria)

  • Protein in urine (proteinuria)

  • Decreased kidney function (elevated creatinine)

• Suspected glomerular disease (like lupus nephritis or glomerulonephritis)

• Kidney transplant issues (to check for rejection or infection)

• To evaluate the progression of kidney disease

• To determine how well treatment is working

🩺 How It’s Done

1. Percutaneous Renal Biopsy (most common)

• Done with a needle inserted through the skin in your back.

• Guided by ultrasound or CT scan.

• Local anesthetic is used, sometimes with a mild sedative.

2. Open Renal Biopsy

• Performed in the operating room.

• A small surgical cut is made to directly access the kidney.

• Usually only done if a needle biopsy isn’t possible or safe.

3. Transjugular Biopsy

• A catheter is inserted into a vein in your neck and threaded to the kidney.

• Used if there's a high risk of bleeding or other complications.

🕒 What to Expect

• Takes about 30–60 minutes.

• You’ll need to lie flat afterward (usually 4–6 hours) to reduce bleeding risk.

• May need to stay in the hospital for observation.

🩹 Aftercare

• Rest for 24–48 hours.

• Drink plenty of fluids.

• Avoid strenuous activity for at least a week.

• Watch for signs like:

  • Blood in urine (small amount is normal for 1–2 days)

  • Fever

  • Severe back pain or dizziness

⚠️ Risks and Complications (rare)

• Bleeding (most common, but usually minor)

• Infection

• Pain at the biopsy site

• Injury to surrounding tissues or organs

• Need for blood transfusion or surgery (rare)

Would you like a visual summary, a printable patient info sheet, or more technical detail (like for med school or nursing studies)?

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